Archaeologists analyze the arrangement of ancient artifacts to deduce the living conditions of past civilizations. Numerous artifacts are found in a scattered pattern, which experts believe indicates a sudden disruption, such as a natural disaster. This leads to the conclusion that many of these artifacts were abandoned due to a catastrophic event, possibly a volcanic eruption.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the reasoning above?

Answer Choices

Correct answer marked below

A. Volcanic eruptions create conditions that preserve artifacts buried under ash and debris.

B. Studies have shown that the scattered arrangement of artifacts can also result from human activity over time.

Correct

C. Experts state that certain diseases can cause communities to abandon their settlements suddenly.

D. Many artifacts found in scattered patterns are located in areas with historical records of volcanic activity.

E. The effects of volcanic eruptions on ancient civilizations are similar to those observed in modern societies.

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Official Explanation

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The reasoning suggests that the scattered pattern of artifacts is due to a sudden disruption caused by a volcanic eruption. To weaken this reasoning, we need evidence that the scattered arrangement could be caused by something other than a volcanic eruption. Option B states that studies…

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Comments

AbhilashaMar 5, 2025

thanks for the answer

TichaonaMar 25, 2025

Great!

DivaFeb 26, 2024

pls explain more?

What this question tests

What it tests

Whether you can identify the option that most undermines an argument's conclusion.

Common trap

Choosing an irrelevant objection or one that attacks the premise rather than the reasoning.