A retailer bought a shirt at wholesale and marked it up 80% to its initial price of $45. By how many more dollars does he need to increase the price to achieve a 100% markup?

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What this question tests

Your ability to compute percentage change, percentage of a whole, and to work backwards from a final value.

Treating successive percentage changes as additive — a 10% rise then a 10% fall is not back to the start.